The three gunas are the influences behind everything that manifests in the material world. Every object, every thought, word and deed, is caused and influenced by them. The only things in the material world that are not a product of the three modes are the living entity and the Lord (which includes His name and paraphernalia etc). The spirit soul bewildered by the influence of false ego thinks himself the doer of activities that are in actuality carried out by the three modes of material nature. Bg 3.27 There is no being existing, either here or among the demigods in the higher planetary systems, which is freed from these three modes born of material nature. Bg 18.40 We can call the sum total of material energy as Prakriti and within that, there are the three divisions, sattva, raja and tama. And then the Lord and the living entities who bring life to the dull material elements. Krishna speaks a lot about the three modes in Bhagavad Gita. they are relevant from chapters ...